El papel de los estilos de liderazgo médico en el bienestar laboral: un análisis bibliométrico y revisión narrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63434/30286999.150Palabras clave:
liderazgo, médicos, literatura de revisión, bienestar de los trabajadoresResumen
El entorno laboral en salud es desafiante, dado que somete a los trabajadores a largas jornadas, alta carga emocional, complejidad del sistema y escasez de recursos, lo cual contribuye al desgaste, agotamiento e incluso renuncia del personal. En este contexto, el líder juega un papel esencial en el éxito de un proyecto y en el bienestar de su equipo.
Objetivo: identificar las características de distintos estilos de liderazgo y analizar su influencia en el bienestar laboral de los médicos.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura combinando el análisis bibliométrico y narrativo. Se llevó a cabo un análisis bibliométrico utilizando palabras clave como “liderazgo”, “bienestar laboral” y “médicos”. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos científicas como Scopus, Web of Science y Pubmed, abarcando los últimos cinco años (2020–2024). Para el análisis, se empleó VOSviewer, herramienta que permitió mapear científicamente la relación entre las palabras clave en la red de investigación. Luego se procedió a describir narrativamente la literatura incluida.
Resultados: el liderazgo médico es determinante en el bienestar laboral del equipo de salud. Los estilos transformacional, efectivo e inclusivo tuvieron un impacto positivo, porque se asocian a una mejor salud mental y bienestar del equipo. En contraste, el liderazgo laissez-faire presentó un impacto negativo.
Conclusión: es esencial fomentar las competencias en liderazgo en el personal médico para mejorar las relaciones laborales y el clima organizacional. Se recomienda capacitar a médicos en formación en gestión humana y administración, para que asuman roles de liderazgo en contextos hospitalarios.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Salud, Trabajo y Sostenibilidad (Consejo Colombiano de Seguridad)
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