Condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo y la telemedicina: una revisión rápida de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63434/30286999.147Palabras clave:
Telemedicina, Salud laboral, salud ocupacional, Trabajadores de la salud, Personal médicoResumen
La telemedicina utiliza tecnologías de la información para la transferencia de datos médicos con fines diagnósticos, terapéuticos y educativos. Aunque surgió en el siglo XIX, la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 en 2020 impulsó su uso, asegurando la continuidad de la atención médica y el acceso a la salud; sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos como la relación médico-paciente, la desigualdad tecnológica y las condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de quienes la practican.
Objetivo: identificar las condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de los médicos que practican la telemedicina, reportadas en la literatura durante los años 2019 a 2025.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión rápida de la literatura mediante una búsqueda estructurada en bases de datos indexadas y literatura gris. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés o español realizados entre 2019 y 2025 que abordaran las condiciones de salud y seguridad en el trabajo en la práctica de la telemedicina. Los datos se organizaron en una matriz de extracción según las categorías de ambiente físico de trabajo, condiciones organizacionales y características de la tarea.
Resultados: se identificaron 249 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 13 en la revisión final. El ambiente físico y la falta de tecnología y conexión afectan la calidad del ejercicio de la telemedicina. A nivel organizacional, hay insatisfacción salarial, falta de apoyo institucional y un aumento del horario laboral que obstaculiza la desconexión del trabajo. En cuanto a las condiciones de la tarea, la telemedicina genera estrés y agotamiento, aunque brinda flexibilidad.
Conclusiones: el estudio analizó las condiciones que impactan la seguridad y salud de los médicos en telemedicina, considerando el entorno físico, las condiciones organizacionales y la naturaleza de la tarea.
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